Analyzing the causes of existence and how to use static optical illusions in architecture

Aims: The aim of the present study is to identify, investigate, introduce, find the cause and categorize static optical illusions in such a way that the audience after reading, catch the ability to analyze samples or use them in architecture as a technique in architectural design. these techniques can help designers to achieve the desired goal by consciously arranging and deliberately distorting the elements of a project.
Methods: In terms of content, the subject of the research is an interdisciplinary.the research method is based on a qualitative approach and the descriptive-analytical method and questioning of elites has been used. In terms of depth, purpose and scope, it is a kind of theoretical-applied research. Library study tools and Internet sites have been used to collect information. Static optical illusion that do not need to move or rotate for ambiguity are categorized. In order to discover the cause of the illusions, the perception of vision is examined by researchers on the grounds that in architectural samples optical illusion did not used in the same way and changes are made in each sample by the designer. By using the findings, historical and contemporary examples analized in order to find how optical illusion is used and how these illusions can change the quality in thiese buildings. For last step 4 examples of today's use of Optical illusion in architecture have been presented by researchers. And by using a closed survey of professors and students of architecture, the effectiveness of these samples for the purpose has been measured.
Findings: Researchers found that the brain allows ambiguity to be expressed in art. By examining how to perceive distance, color, motion and direction in the visual perception system and examine optical illusions and classify them into four categories: geometrical illusions, visual illusions, colore and movement illusions ,the cause of confusion and the qualities that could be added to the design were found.By using Optical illusion in design, qualities such as changing the perception of size, changing the perception of the angle of the lines, attracting the audience, depth of field, three-dimensionalization in a two-dimensional surface, dynamics and movement in the rigid surface and changing the perception of colors by the neighbor can be caused.
Conclusion: In all of the studied architectural examples, mostly, optical illusion has been used in order to show depth and attract the audience. In historical examples, major part of optical illusions been used in order to show depth and change the perception of size. In contemporary samples, in most of the analyzed samples, Optical illusion was used in order to attract the audience. Over time, the method of using illusion by architects has changed, and designers use it to attract the audience in the design to show depth and change the perception of size. In the samples presented by the researchers, wich one that inspired from the impossible objects, movement illusion with 87.6 and 86.7%, respectively, have the highest audience attraction.