University of Art Andišnāme-ye Me’māri ‪2783-1876 1 1 2021 04 21 Evidence – Based Design (EBD) Methodology in Healthcare Facilities with Benchmarking Approach Evidence – Based Design (EBD) Methodology in Healthcare Facilities with Benchmarking Approach 11 25 864 10.30480/arcand.2021.864 FA Ayda Sadeghi Art university Seyyed Behshid Hoseini Art university Journal Article 2019 11 16 Evidence-based design is a method in designing that emphasizes the importance of reliable data in order to influence the design process. This is an approach to create safe environment for patient care to improve patient satisfaction, accelerate healing and reduce medical errors. Improvement of patient care area, among the most important factors can help to achieve these goals. This approach is recognized in architecture as "an attempt to improve patients' lives, improve the treatment process, immunity and reduce stress" by the best evidence. This article intends to present how to design with evidence-based approach to improve environmental quality and reduce medical errors that is based on the literature review, observation and data was gained through a questionnaire of 96 patients of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran. The research tools are the questionnaire, SPSS22, and ASPEC. In term of aim, the article is functional and in term of data collection, it is a descriptive - analytical study. Medical centers around the world, changing shape and be replaced. In order to meet present and future needs. we must try to plan for hospitals that cover the Satisfaction and patient safety in the future and a safe and provide efficient environment for employees in the health care field. .Evidence-based design (EBD) approach improves quality and patient safety that is needed of future hospitals. Evidence-based design (EBD) helps hospital designers, to design flexible and versatile medical centers, in order to be compatible with the future, and at the same time attract user satisfaction and have practical and better clinical results. Using information and scientific evidences in order to make decisions about patient care environment in recent years has grown rapidly and it could be a risk to design without those findings and evidences. In order to achieve high goals of government that describes healthcare facilities by international standards, necessitate extensive research activities and produce scientific resources. Usage of evidence - based design approach in planning, designing, and building in healthcare facilities could guarantee achieving to best results. Discussion seeks to answer the question of "How evidence-based design methodology can be used to improve physical conditions, improve treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction?”The paper path which runs as follows: The concept of evidence-based design approach and its achievements, How to use them and ultimately to evaluate the satisfaction of patients admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran spaces which in the end leads to ideas and solutions design. Considering the mean satisfaction rate of hospitalized patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital in solitude and participation (2), vision (2.6), access to nature (3), comfort and control (2.7), readability Space (4), interior design (1.8), facilities (2.4) and staff (3.7) were obtained, indicating that the status of internal design variables, privacy and participation, facilities and visibility They are lower than expected and the readability variables of space, staff and access to nature respectively are in a better state Overall, according to the findings of this study, the satisfaction with the quality of Imam Khomeini hospital spaces has been undesirable. Evidence-based design is a method in designing that emphasizes the importance of reliable data in order to influence the design process. This is an approach to create safe environment for patient care to improve patient satisfaction, accelerate healing and reduce medical errors. Improvement of patient care area, among the most important factors can help to achieve these goals. This approach is recognized in architecture as "an attempt to improve patients' lives, improve the treatment process, immunity and reduce stress" by the best evidence. This article intends to present how to design with evidence-based approach to improve environmental quality and reduce medical errors that is based on the literature review, observation and data was gained through a questionnaire of 96 patients of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran. The research tools are the questionnaire, SPSS22, and ASPEC. In term of aim, the article is functional and in term of data collection, it is a descriptive - analytical study. Medical centers around the world, changing shape and be replaced. In order to meet present and future needs. we must try to plan for hospitals that cover the Satisfaction and patient safety in the future and a safe and provide efficient environment for employees in the health care field. .Evidence-based design (EBD) approach improves quality and patient safety that is needed of future hospitals. Evidence-based design (EBD) helps hospital designers, to design flexible and versatile medical centers, in order to be compatible with the future, and at the same time attract user satisfaction and have practical and better clinical results. Using information and scientific evidences in order to make decisions about patient care environment in recent years has grown rapidly and it could be a risk to design without those findings and evidences. In order to achieve high goals of government that describes healthcare facilities by international standards, necessitate extensive research activities and produce scientific resources. Usage of evidence - based design approach in planning, designing, and building in healthcare facilities could guarantee achieving to best results. Discussion seeks to answer the question of "How evidence-based design methodology can be used to improve physical conditions, improve treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction?”The paper path which runs as follows: The concept of evidence-based design approach and its achievements, How to use them and ultimately to evaluate the satisfaction of patients admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran spaces which in the end leads to ideas and solutions design. Considering the mean satisfaction rate of hospitalized patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital in solitude and participation (2), vision (2.6), access to nature (3), comfort and control (2.7), readability Space (4), interior design (1.8), facilities (2.4) and staff (3.7) were obtained, indicating that the status of internal design variables, privacy and participation, facilities and visibility They are lower than expected and the readability variables of space, staff and access to nature respectively are in a better state Overall, according to the findings of this study, the satisfaction with the quality of Imam Khomeini hospital spaces has been undesirable.

https://arcand.journal.art.ac.ir/article_864_dcade45bcbc5d85f6d26382ff3f0d729.pdf

University of Art Andišnāme-ye Me’māri ‪2783-1876 1 1 2021 04 21 Evaluation of the quality of low-income housing environments Evaluation of the quality of low-income housing environments 27 45 865 10.30480/arcand.2021.865 FA Zahra Sadrian Art University Seyed Abbas Agha Yazdanfar Iran University of Science & Technology Seyed Bagher Hosseini Iran University of Science & Technology Saeid Norouzian-Maleki Shahid Beheshti University Journal Article 2020 11 13 Housing has always been an important concern to families as one of the most important human needs. Today, focusing on quantitative and economic factors and ignoring the qualitative aspects have caused social and cultural harm, especially in low-income housing environments. Therefore, particular attention to the quality of low-income housing environments is needed to enhance the quality of life in such areas. The goal of this research is to define the factors of low-income housing environment quality, assess the current situation and find the methods that can be used in practice. To achieve this goal, first, the important factors in this field were extracted based on the opinions of scholars and researchers by using Delphi technique. In order to assess the situation and prioritize the qualitative needs of low-income people, two Mehr complexes located in Hashtgerd new town (Eram and Boustan), were selected as the case study. A questionnaire including 40 qualitative items was distributed among the residents. Data analyses were done by using SPSS software and the validity of the questionnaire was analyzed. To process information and identify categories of items of questionnaires, factor analysis was used and the factors “interior function” and “nature relation” are the first priority among them. Services and access, safety, social security, cultural similarity, volume, livability and residential applications are next priorities. In assessing the current situation of low-income housing environment, factors such as the interior function and nature relation and cultural similarity is suitable and adequate according to residents opinion, And the factors of such services and access, livability, security and safety is not so desirable. It is clear that the change of mentioned factors to the design suggestions, should be considered by urban designers and architectures, in order to obedient of provided principles and regulations can solve the present difficulties of low-income housing and its environment. Housing has always been an important concern to families as one of the most important human needs. Today, focusing on quantitative and economic factors and ignoring the qualitative aspects have caused social and cultural harm, especially in low-income housing environments. Therefore, particular attention to the quality of low-income housing environments is needed to enhance the quality of life in such areas. The goal of this research is to define the factors of low-income housing environment quality, assess the current situation and find the methods that can be used in practice. To achieve this goal, first, the important factors in this field were extracted based on the opinions of scholars and researchers by using Delphi technique. In order to assess the situation and prioritize the qualitative needs of low-income people, two Mehr complexes located in Hashtgerd new town (Eram and Boustan), were selected as the case study. A questionnaire including 40 qualitative items was distributed among the residents. Data analyses were done by using SPSS software and the validity of the questionnaire was analyzed. To process information and identify categories of items of questionnaires, factor analysis was used and the factors “interior function” and “nature relation” are the first priority among them. Services and access, safety, social security, cultural similarity, volume, livability and residential applications are next priorities. In assessing the current situation of low-income housing environment, factors such as the interior function and nature relation and cultural similarity is suitable and adequate according to residents opinion, And the factors of such services and access, livability, security and safety is not so desirable. It is clear that the change of mentioned factors to the design suggestions, should be considered by urban designers and architectures, in order to obedient of provided principles and regulations can solve the present difficulties of low-income housing and its environment.

https://arcand.journal.art.ac.ir/article_865_b4febdcd1ad0e137a260a2bbfc158738.pdf

University of Art Andišnāme-ye Me’māri ‪2783-1876 1 1 2021 04 21 A study on design process relationship between architecture and computer science A study on design process relationship between architecture and computer science 47 60 866 10.30480/arcand.2021.866 FA Alireza Fazel Art University Alireza Mostaghni Associate Professor, University of Art Journal Article 2019 11 24 In the last two decades, the development of digital technology has remarkably aﬀected the nature of architectural design processes and created many opportunities and challenges in architecture. Today, architecte learn many computer skills which are not traditionally a part of their curriculum. Thus, many believe that the architect's needs will be resolved only by learning some technical skills such as computer modelling, scripting and etc. However, this is not always true. According to recent studies in the field of digital architecture, other factors such as computational design thinking logic can play important role in this issue. There exist many studies and programs on the application of different computer skills, however, there are only a few research on the role of computational thinking and logic in the architectural design procedure. This study attempts to present a different viewpoint of architectural design procedure by comparing the design procedure in architecture and computer science. Thus, the role of computers in architecture is studied in three levels including computer as an assistant, computer as an extension for the designer’s mind and computer as a designer. When we look at the computer only as an instrument, the designer can always have a full control over the computer, and when we see it a something which can develop ideas, it could enhance designer’s capabilities. But when it comes to design level as a real designer, the architecture will inevitably change. At this new level, the design process is not necessarily consistent with the design process in the human mind. Rather than solving problems, computers can create a new ideas and architecture. In the last two decades, the development of digital technology has remarkably aﬀected the nature of architectural design processes and created many opportunities and challenges in architecture. Today, architecte learn many computer skills which are not traditionally a part of their curriculum. Thus, many believe that the architect's needs will be resolved only by learning some technical skills such as computer modelling, scripting and etc. However, this is not always true. According to recent studies in the field of digital architecture, other factors such as computational design thinking logic can play important role in this issue. There exist many studies and programs on the application of different computer skills, however, there are only a few research on the role of computational thinking and logic in the architectural design procedure. This study attempts to present a different viewpoint of architectural design procedure by comparing the design procedure in architecture and computer science. Thus, the role of computers in architecture is studied in three levels including computer as an assistant, computer as an extension for the designer’s mind and computer as a designer. When we look at the computer only as an instrument, the designer can always have a full control over the computer, and when we see it a something which can develop ideas, it could enhance designer’s capabilities. But when it comes to design level as a real designer, the architecture will inevitably change. At this new level, the design process is not necessarily consistent with the design process in the human mind. Rather than solving problems, computers can create a new ideas and architecture.

https://arcand.journal.art.ac.ir/article_866_3844d6a83a6967edbb0d0615e0ff88ab.pdf

University of Art Andišnāme-ye Me’māri ‪2783-1876 1 1 2021 04 21 A Review on Building Energy Studies in Iran A Review on Building Energy Studies in Iran 63 87 867 10.30480/arcand.2021.867 FA Rima Fayyaz University of Art Nooshin Abolhasani University of Art Maryam Fakhari University of Art Journal Article 2019 11 10 Since 1991, building energy studies has received increasing attention in Iran after Iranian national building regulations (Code No.19) was published. Fourteen years later, Master course of “Energy and architecture” was founded in Tehran University. This article reviews a quarter of a century research, in a systematic analysis considting of 165 master thesis and 32 dissertations and 183 articles published in scientific-research journals between 1992 and 2017. The purpose of the article is to map and review the publications based on systematic analysis according to the following categories: climate, function, research method and etc. The study showed that most of the documents are about architecture and residectial buildings. About 70% of researchs are concertrated on hot arid climate and 54% of them used energy simulation as research method without being validated. Also we suggested that in the future researchs on enrgy issues in Iran, it would be necessary the following issues to be considered: daylighting, natural ventilation, optimization of active and passive systems, zero carbon buildings and neighborhoods and educational buildings and health care buildings. Since 1991, building energy studies has received increasing attention in Iran after Iranian national building regulations (Code No.19) was published. Fourteen years later, Master course of “Energy and architecture” was founded in Tehran University. This article reviews a quarter of a century research, in a systematic analysis considting of 165 master thesis and 32 dissertations and 183 articles published in scientific-research journals between 1992 and 2017. The purpose of the article is to map and review the publications based on systematic analysis according to the following categories: climate, function, research method and etc. The study showed that most of the documents are about architecture and residectial buildings. About 70% of researchs are concertrated on hot arid climate and 54% of them used energy simulation as research method without being validated. Also we suggested that in the future researchs on enrgy issues in Iran, it would be necessary the following issues to be considered: daylighting, natural ventilation, optimization of active and passive systems, zero carbon buildings and neighborhoods and educational buildings and health care buildings.

https://arcand.journal.art.ac.ir/article_867_6ad6085650d8431e7040dea0329dcbd4.pdf

University of Art Andišnāme-ye Me’māri ‪2783-1876 1 1 2021 04 21 Review of Energy Retrofit Interventions of External Walls Review of Energy Retrofit Interventions of External Walls 89 111 868 10.30480/arcand.2021.868 FA Moloud Karimian University of Art, Behrouz Mohammad Kari Road, Housing & Urban Development Research Center Journal Article 2019 11 28 By environmental and climate change outlook, building construction with energy-efficient considerations has become a priority in the industry, but those new buildings, in which this approach is observed, in comparison to the existing ones are few in number. Existing buildings are important from various aspects: energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, rate of renovation, annual increase in number and energy imports. Existing buildings play an important role in present energy crisis. A significant part of existing buildings are constructed without considering sustainability and energy measures, and energy retrofit can result in great achievements in reducing negative environmental impacts and reaching the international targets. Furthermore, retrofit of public buildings has become a major issue in relevant organizations and institutions. Due to the newness and extensity of the subject, comprehensive studies have been done on energy retrofitting. Since, energy retrofit of external walls is known as one of the most energy efficient methods in energy retrofit, then energy it is selected as the main subject of this research. In this paper, general technologies for energy retrofitting of external walls are introduced and classified, and common considerations and details for the suggested technologies are mentioned. It should be noted that, passive and active retrofits, specific building factors such as building pathologies, depth or level of retrofit and … are not considered here. The domain of this research is thermal retrofit, without considering other retrofit dimensions (structure, acoustic, fire protection …). By environmental and climate change outlook, building construction with energy-efficient considerations has become a priority in the industry, but those new buildings, in which this approach is observed, in comparison to the existing ones are few in number. Existing buildings are important from various aspects: energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, rate of renovation, annual increase in number and energy imports. Existing buildings play an important role in present energy crisis. A significant part of existing buildings are constructed without considering sustainability and energy measures, and energy retrofit can result in great achievements in reducing negative environmental impacts and reaching the international targets. Furthermore, retrofit of public buildings has become a major issue in relevant organizations and institutions. Due to the newness and extensity of the subject, comprehensive studies have been done on energy retrofitting. Since, energy retrofit of external walls is known as one of the most energy efficient methods in energy retrofit, then energy it is selected as the main subject of this research. In this paper, general technologies for energy retrofitting of external walls are introduced and classified, and common considerations and details for the suggested technologies are mentioned. It should be noted that, passive and active retrofits, specific building factors such as building pathologies, depth or level of retrofit and … are not considered here. The domain of this research is thermal retrofit, without considering other retrofit dimensions (structure, acoustic, fire protection …).

https://arcand.journal.art.ac.ir/article_868_071ad48a64135a8cf7dac6f0f58e91f0.pdf

University of Art Andišnāme-ye Me’māri ‪2783-1876 1 1 2021 04 21 Integrated Design Process of Green Buildings: Peoples and Strategies Integrated Design Process of Green Buildings: Peoples and Strategies 113 145 869 10.30480/arcand.2021.869 FA Seyede Elham Farhanian University of Science & Technology Seyed Abbas Agha Yazdanfar University of Science & Technology Ehsan Arab Anvari University of Art Journal Article 2019 11 24 Integrated design process encourages integration of team members in design phase of green building project through intense collaborative processes and free exchange of information and, unlike traditional design processes, considers sustainability discussions as integrated with other effective factors in the building design process. An integrated design process considering the interrelatedness of both problems and solutions, can help create more sustainable designs. The problems we face are intertwined and effective design solutions will have to account for this reality. Still, designers often apply exclusively reductionist approaches to generate designs. The research done in the integrated design process still has some ambiguity about what and how to use it, which has led to a limited use of this process in the construction of green. One way to address this issue is to reduce ambiguity in the integrated design. Although integration in design general an integrated design in particular have been well theorized by construction management research community, there exist no systematic mechanism in the field to help owners, architects, and management of green project team assess the level of integration in their project’ integrated design team envirentment in the practical manner. This research aims to build a more complete definition of integrated design process, its guiding strategies, and its people by systematically surveying a broad scope of sustainable design literature. Integrated design process does not guarantee sustainable design outcomes. It may, however, offer more opportunity than traditional design approaches for designers to create sustainable solutions to our most pressing issues. This paper describe research to define and unify elements of integrated design process and provide an integrated approach to the integrated design process for the building actors. Elements were identified through a systematic review of references describing theories, perspectives, and practices from multipie design deciplines. These elements were coded and then organized using thematic analysis. Systematic literature reviews are conducted primarily to: summarize the existing literature around a subject, identify gaps in current research, and provide a framework or background to position future research. For this application, the systematic literature review will show overlap between design disciplines and provide a framework to position future research on whole systems design. As adapted from an established review method, the literature review included three stages: (1) planning the review, (2) conducting the review, and (3) reporting the review. The design stages, goals, peoples and strategies of integrated design process were identified as the four main pillars of the integrated design process and according to previous studies in two areas of design process and objectives of the integrated design, two pillars of peoples and strategies are the main subject of the research. Finally, the content resulted from the synthesis of people element cetegorised in two subsets of the role of factors and their characteristics. The content about the startegies in two stages of design and pre - design, each in the five areas of water, site, materials and resources, energy, atmosphere and indoor air quality presented. Integrated design process encourages integration of team members in design phase of green building project through intense collaborative processes and free exchange of information and, unlike traditional design processes, considers sustainability discussions as integrated with other effective factors in the building design process. An integrated design process considering the interrelatedness of both problems and solutions, can help create more sustainable designs. The problems we face are intertwined and effective design solutions will have to account for this reality. Still, designers often apply exclusively reductionist approaches to generate designs. The research done in the integrated design process still has some ambiguity about what and how to use it, which has led to a limited use of this process in the construction of green. One way to address this issue is to reduce ambiguity in the integrated design. Although integration in design general an integrated design in particular have been well theorized by construction management research community, there exist no systematic mechanism in the field to help owners, architects, and management of green project team assess the level of integration in their project’ integrated design team envirentment in the practical manner. This research aims to build a more complete definition of integrated design process, its guiding strategies, and its people by systematically surveying a broad scope of sustainable design literature. Integrated design process does not guarantee sustainable design outcomes. It may, however, offer more opportunity than traditional design approaches for designers to create sustainable solutions to our most pressing issues. This paper describe research to define and unify elements of integrated design process and provide an integrated approach to the integrated design process for the building actors. Elements were identified through a systematic review of references describing theories, perspectives, and practices from multipie design deciplines. These elements were coded and then organized using thematic analysis. Systematic literature reviews are conducted primarily to: summarize the existing literature around a subject, identify gaps in current research, and provide a framework or background to position future research. For this application, the systematic literature review will show overlap between design disciplines and provide a framework to position future research on whole systems design. As adapted from an established review method, the literature review included three stages: (1) planning the review, (2) conducting the review, and (3) reporting the review. The design stages, goals, peoples and strategies of integrated design process were identified as the four main pillars of the integrated design process and according to previous studies in two areas of design process and objectives of the integrated design, two pillars of peoples and strategies are the main subject of the research. Finally, the content resulted from the synthesis of people element cetegorised in two subsets of the role of factors and their characteristics. The content about the startegies in two stages of design and pre - design, each in the five areas of water, site, materials and resources, energy, atmosphere and indoor air quality presented.

https://arcand.journal.art.ac.ir/article_869_f335a388d929b998b7418012e47d744f.pdf

University of Art Andišnāme-ye Me’māri ‪2783-1876 1 1 2021 04 21 .Design for Sensory Reality: From Visuality to Existential Experience .Design for Sensory Reality: From Visuality to Existential Experience 147 154 870 10.30480/arcand.2021.870 FA Arezu Monshizadeh University of art Mahsa Masoudi Journal Article 2019 11 25 https://arcand.journal.art.ac.ir/article_870_8fe1cd8a31969586eeebac9d047fd172.pdf

University of Art Andišnāme-ye Me’māri ‪2783-1876 1 1 2021 04 21 Educational & Research News Educational & Research News 157 173 871 FA Journal Article 2021 05 09 https://arcand.journal.art.ac.ir/article_871_8f1221f7a50f872179ad82c107df8e42.pdf